论东坡体与“通、随、拗”

On Su Dongpo Style and "Flexible, Follow, Stubborn"

自东坡倚声以来,诤讼便应运而生,先是"句读不葺之诗"、"要非本色"、"子瞻词如诗",继之有"曲子缚不住者"、"超然乎尘俗之外",终至"豪放派开创者",由非到是,由排到捧。然而是非各家评述似乎都没有道出其然之所以,只有到了元好问才抓住了问题的关键——"性情",遗憾的是他又没有对此作明晰的阐释。而沿波讨源,此性情则生成于庄子的"天人合一"的物化境界和"朴素为美"、"法天贵真"的风格境界,这正是苏轼能在各领域都千古独标的根本所在。通观子瞻一生之经历与所有之遗墨,以"通、随、拗"三性诠释之当为恰切,即在艺术界限上,他擅打通,随物而不随时;在艺术追求上,他执拗己见,决不俯仰随人;在政治与生活中,他不擅变通,随事而不随时。

Since Dongpo began writing his lyric words with music, criticism and praise to him also emerged. At first, there were the following commentaries： ＂It was a kind of irregular poetry＂, ＂It didn＇t have the original appearance＂, ＂Mr. Su＇ s works just like poetry＂. Then there was someone who said, ＂His songs couldn＇ t restrict him＂, ＂His works was extraordinary and refined＂. At last he was said to be ＂a pioneer of the Bold Style＂ The attitudes to him from negative to positive, from exclusion to flatter. But all the factions of affirmation and negation didn＇t catch the truth. Only Yuan Haowen got the key-that is the Disposition Feelings. Unfortunately, he didn＇ t have a comprehensive and profound interpretation of it. In fact this feeling is from Zhuangzi ＇ s ＂To Combine Heaven and Man＂, ＂Simplicity is the beauty＂ and ＂Follow the law of nature＂. This is how Su Shi influences the eternity words world by his unique way. From observing the experience of Su Dangpo＇s life and all his masterpieces, we have found that the three words ＂flexible, follow, stubborn＂ are accurate to describe him. Namely, he was good at adapting in the arts, and he followed physics not to trim one＇ s sails. In his artistic pursue, he was stubborn and didn＇t look at others complexion. In his political and daily life, he was not flexible; he was adapted to facts rather than times.