重庆市某中学初中生饮食行为调查及健康教育模式探索

Dietary Behavior and Health Education Model Among Middle School Students in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市某中学学生饮食行为状况,探索可行的健康教育模式,为制定切实可行的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取重庆市区某中学826名学生进行饮食行为现况问卷调查。结果中学生不健康饮食行为比较普遍,有59.26%的学生(包含4.48%不吃早餐的学生)早餐食物摄取不足;14.39%的学生晚餐摄入过多;65.30%的学生吃宵夜,其中11.01%的学生宵夜摄入过多。学生膳食结构中动物内脏、鱼类及豆制品的消费量不足。学生中存在很多不良饮食习惯:偏食挑食、进食速度快、喜食麻辣及西式快餐等。在健康教育方式方面,不喜欢家长和教师的说教,对课外活动以及同伴营养教育的模式有极大的兴趣。结论重庆市某中学学生的饮食行为存在很多问题,亟需采取适当的膳食行为干预模式如同伴教育,以提高中学生营养健康水平。

Objective To study the dietary behaviors and explore some feasible health education model of middle school students, and to provide scientific basis for the practical intervening measure. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was adopted, and 826 middle school students in Chongqing were drawn to complete the dietary behaviors questionnaire survey. Results Unhealthy dietary style was common among the middle school students. The quality anal quantity of food which did not reach the breakfast demand was high to 59.26% （including 4.48% students who did not have breakfast） ; the students who ate too much at supper or had midnight snack was 14.69% , 65.30% , respectively. The consumption level of internal organs of animals, fish and the bean products did not reach the standard. Additionally, some unhealthy dietary habits such as food picky, eating quickly, enjoying hot food and fast-food were common. As to nutrition education, most of students were disliked preaching by parents or teachers, while they had a great fun in extracurricular activity and peer nutrition education. Conclusion Adopting proper dietary behavior interference pattern, such as peer education, to establish scientific dietary behavior and improve the nutrition and health level of middle school students.