认知行为疗法和生物反馈疗法对医学生社交焦虑干预效果评价

Intervention Effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Biofeedback Therapy on Medical Students' Social Anxiety

目的评价认知行为疗法和生物反馈疗法对医学生社交焦虑干预效果,为医学生社交焦虑的心理治疗提供依据。方法采用社交回避及苦恼量表,对某医科大学3 388名本科学生进行筛查,并通过访谈确定有焦虑问题尚未达到焦虑障碍的学生58名,随机分成对照组、团体组(认知行为团体疗法)、反馈组(肌电生物反馈训练)、综合组(认知与肌电反馈相结合)分别进行干预,于干预前后以及干预结束后6个月分别对各组学生焦虑水平进行评估。结果各干预组干预后较干预前社交焦虑总分、因子分均大幅下降,对照组无变化。干预后综合组社交焦虑总分下降最为明显。综合组和反馈组下降的社交苦恼因子分高于团体组。综合组和团体组下降的社交回避因子分高于反馈组。干预结束后6个月各干预组社交焦虑水平比干预前明显降低,与干预后的测量结果没有差别。不同干预组的社交焦虑总分和各因子分之间的差异无统计学意义。结论3种干预方法对于降低社交焦虑水平均有一定疗效。

Objective To evaluate intervention effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and biofeedback therapy on medical students＇ social anxiety, and to provide basis for the treatment. Methods By using Social Avoidance and Distress Scale ,3 388 medical undergraduates students were screened, 58 subjects had social anxiety but not reach anxiety disorder were collected through individual interviews. The 58 students were randomly divided into control group, group therapy group（ cognitive behavioral group therapy}, feedback group（ myoelectricity biofeedback therapy}, and comprehensive intervention group{ cognitive and myoelectricity biofeedback therapy）. And corresponding interventions were taken among them. Their anxiety level was assessed before and after intervention, six months later as well. Results All groups total score and factor score of social anxiety de- creased dramatically after intervention compared with before. There was no change in control group. Comprehensive intervention group＇s total score of social anxiety declined most obviously. In score of social distress factor, feedback group and comprehensive intervention group declined more than group therapy group. In score of social avoidance factor, group therapy group and comprehensive intervention group declined more than feedback group. Six months after intervention, intervention group＇s social anxiety level was much lower than before, and had no difference with result after intervention. There was not significant differences between different intervention groups in total score and factor score of social anxiety. Conclusion These three intervention methods all have certain effect on decreasing social anxiety.