发达国家农业科研与推广模式及启示

The Mode of the Agricultural Research and Extension in Developed Countries and Enlightenments

农业科研与推广制度是提高农业科研投资效率的根本保障。通过考察发达国家农业科研与推广模式,重点总结了具有代表性的以色列、美国、日本、荷兰、法国等国家农业科研与推广体系的成功经验。研究发现,高效的农业科研与推广体系建设与政府的大力支持是密不可分的,农业科研机构设置和管理体制、协调机制、农业科技管理体制等对农业科研效率产生重要影响。在分析我国农业科技体制中存在问题的基础上,归纳了合理布局农业科研机构,积极推进体制改革;鼓励分工合作,强化农业科研机构间的横向联系等发达国家农业科研与推广制度对我国的启示。

The system of agricultural research and extension plays an important role in improving the efficiency of agricultural research investment. According to the agricultural research and extension mode of the well-developed countries, the successful experience of Israel, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, France and so on were summarized in the paper. The results revealed that the government support was an important factor for the efficiency of the agricultural research and extension system. The setting of the agricultural research institutions, the coordination mechanisms and the agricultural science and technology management system played an important role for the efficiency of agricultural research. After analysis of problems in agricultural science and technology systems in China, enlightenments of agricultural research and extension mode of the well-developed countries were summarized, i.e., distributing agricultural science research units properly, promoting the reform of system, encouraging division of works and cooperation, and strengthening internal connection among agricultural science research units.