关于阿维菌素对异育银鲫的急性毒性和组织病理研究

The acute toxicity and histopathology of Abamectin in Allogynogenetic crucian carp

采用每24 h换液式毒性试验法研究了不同浓度(0.01～2.56 mg/L)的阿维菌素对异育银鲫Allogy-nogenetic crucian carp的急性毒性,并对暴露在0(对照)、0.01、0.04 mg/L阿维菌素溶液中养殖21 d后异育银鲫的鳃、肾、肝、脾和脑组织器官的病理切片进行了观察。结果表明:阿维菌素对异育银鲫24、48、72 h和96 h LC50分别为0.21、0.14、0.08、0.06 mg/L,安全浓度为0.019 mg/L;对照组鱼无组织病理变化。0.01 mg/L浓度组鱼只在鳃、肝脏和脾脏的部分细胞中出现颗粒变性或空泡变性轻度病理变化。0.04mg/L浓度组鱼出现严重的病理损伤:1)鳃小片尖端膨胀,基部上皮细胞脱落,部分鳃小片发生融合等;2)肾脏中肾小球充血,肾小管透明变性,部分肾小管上皮细胞核溶解消失;3)肝脏中肝细胞空泡变性,细胞核膜破裂、核仁溶解消失,病变严重的肝细胞坏死;4)脾脏中出现网状组织增生和铁血黄素沉淀;5)脑组织中神经细胞空泡变性,部分细胞核移位到边缘。

The acute toxicity of abamectin at doses varying from 0.01 to 2.56 mg/L was studied in juvenile Allogynogenetic crucian carp holding in the exchanging solution for every twenty - four hours. The histopathologieal observation was made in the gills, kidneys, livers, spleens, and brains from the fish exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.04 mg/L twenty -one days after exposure. The result showed that 24, 48, 72 h and 96 h LC50 of abamectin to the crucian carp was found to be 0.21,0.14, 0.08 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively, with safety concentration of 0.019 mg/L. There were no histopathological changes in the control and the slightly histopathological changes in granular or vacuolar degeneration in the group of 0.01 mg/L. The fish exposed to 0.04 mg/L showed histopathological changes as： 1 ） the expansion in the gill tips, the deciduous epithelial cells in the base of gill lamellae and the fusion in some gill lamellae;2） the glomerular hyperemia, hyaline degeneration and epithelial cell nuclear dissolution of kidney tubules in the kidneys ;3 ）the vacuolar degeneration, cell nuclear membrane rupture, nucleolus dissolution and cells necrosis in the livers ;4）the reticular hyperplasia and hemosiderosis in the spleens ;5 ）the vacuolar degeneration of neuron ceils and nuclei shifted to the cell edge in the brains.