《围城》语言中虚拟陈述的修辞意义

Views on the Subjunctive Statements' Rhetorical Meanings in the Language of Fortress Besieged

所谓虚拟陈述大致相当于西文中用虚拟语气构成的陈述。受古汉语语言和思维的影响,中国古代小说虚拟陈述明显地比较拘谨;而现代作家受西文语法和思维方式的影响,开始较多地使用虚拟陈述。《围城》中虚拟陈述的修辞意义有三个方面。①提高了语言的阐释与表现功能。虚拟陈述在"事实"之外开辟了一块新天地。"实写"不能表达的东西,往往可以通过"虚写"予以补充。②有助于反映现代人复杂的心理活动。在叙事文学中引入与事实相反的假想、猜测,可以非常深入地反映现代人复杂的心理活动。③有效地创造了讽刺和幽默的效果。在通过调侃与戏谑创造讽刺效果方面,虚拟陈述有着不可替代的作用。

So-called subjunctive statement is mostly equivalent to the the subjunctive mood in western languages. Having been influenced by the traditional there are not so many subjunctive statements in Chinese ancient fictions relatively. statement composed of language and thought, However, more and more new world outside ＂the facts＂ . Something that the ＂ clear description＂ can not describe, can be often supplemented with the ＂ vague description＂ . Subjunctive statement was benefiticial to reflect the complex psychology activities of modem people. At the introduction of imaginations and conjectures opposite to facts, the narrative literature can reflect those modem people＇s complex psychological activities thoroughly. Subjunctive statement effectively created a satirical and humorous effect. In creating satire effect by mocking and joking, subjunctive statement is irreplaceable in literature.