国外学者论毛泽东与民粹主义

Mao Zedong and Populism as Seen by Foreign Scholars

毛泽东及其思想与民粹主义的关系问题,是由国外学者提出进而影响到国内毛泽东研究领域。国外学者的观点是认为毛泽东的思想与民粹主义思潮有若干相似之处。由于受到时代背景和学术背景的限制,国外学者的分析具有片面性,主要表现在:一是在界定民粹主义内涵上不统一,以致非历史地评价毛泽东及其思想;二是依据毛泽东依靠农民、走群众路线的做法,错误地将毛泽东及其思想理解为马克思主义的民粹化;三是仅仅局限于民粹主义框架内分析毛泽东的晚年失误是不够的。

The issue concerning the relationship between populism and Mao Zedong (or Mao Zedong's thought) has been put forward by foreign scholars and interested Chinese scholars since then. Foreign scholars believe that Mao Zedong's thought shares similarities with the populist ideology. Their conclusions are,however,one-sided:1) There is no strict definition of populism so that Mao and his thought fail to be evaluated on a historical base; 2) Mao and his thought have been falsely relegated to what Marx described as populism,due to Mao's dependence on the peasants and mass movements; and 3) It is never objective enough to analyze Mao's errors at his old age within a mere framework of populism.