劳动论争之解明:马克思思想的生态轨迹之四

The Illustration of Labor Disputes

对于应该如何理解马克思理论中劳动这个概念,环境研究者向来存有重大疑虑。争议的起因源自劳动理论中"物质代谢"与"对象化活动"的割裂与对立。对此,作者认为劳动理论中的这两个侧面与环保思想并不相违。因为,物质代谢观认为人是自然这个大循环中的一个小循环,人在维系自身小循环之际,不得不同时虑及自然界大循环的运行;这种顾及大循环永续不坠的方法,又得仰赖对象化活动中目的性意识的改变来达成。基此,我们认为这两个概念应该被放在辩证的观点中来理解。

This article addresses a paradox：On one hand, environmentalists admit that the concept of metabolic interaction in persr Marx s labor theory has valuable perspectives to shed on the questions about the human - nature relationship; on the other hand, Marx s concept of the labor - process has been criticized as environmentally - unfriendly or even anti - environmental. The nature of this paradox, its origins, and the means of transcending it are illustrated primarily through a dialectical understanding over Marx s theory on labor, which, it is contented, offers a significant foundation for resolving current environmental crisis. We further argue that in searching for a more coherent theory of labor, environmentalists should turn towards Marx, rather than away from him.