文学的“忧郁”:契诃夫与20世纪中国文学

The Literary "Melancholy":Chekhov and the Chinese Literature in the 20^(th) Century

俄罗斯文学对20世纪中国文学有着显著的影响,而契诃夫式忧郁是理解俄罗斯文学与20世纪中国文学关系的重要切入点。契诃夫式忧郁对20世纪中国文学的构成性影响,首先体现为一种内省式的审美思维方式,它将深邃的忧虑与隽永的诗意结合,在对忧郁"形而上"的"智性"愉悦中将现代人的精神矛盾以及个人内心深处的追求与失落、焦虑与向往等"情性"表现得深沉含蓄。其次,20世纪中国文学的忧郁类创作秉承了契诃夫的"人无法承受普通生活"的主题诉求和沉郁凝重、清朗冷峻的艺术格调,在对个体生存困境的描绘和对人类生存的洞察中言说灵魂的感悟,以此寄托忧患之意。再者,源于《樱桃园》的"樱桃园情结"是不少中国作家特定的审美运思取向和创作心理定势,众多的文学作品在对"樱桃园情结"的话语意蕴——"人类在世纪之交的困惑"的发掘中寄寓了深切的悲悯情怀,展示出忧悒深广的艺术韵致。

The Russian literature had influences on the Chinese literature in the 20th century and the Chekhov＇ s melancholy is the key to understanding the relationship between the Russian and Chinese literature. First, it is a self - examined aesthetical way which connects melancholy with poetry in a connotative way. Second, the writing style of the Chinese literature in the 20th century is similar in the theme of＂ unbearable life＂ of Chekhov, full of hardships and sufferings. Third, the Cherry Orchard Complex originated from The Cherry Orchard by Chekhov gave Chinese writers some inspirations in the aesthetical selection and writing psychology.