国学与当代中国文化

Traditional Chinese Learning and the Present Chinese Culture

"国学"概念,始于清末。其从广义讲,是指中国的固有之学、传统之学,是中国学术的简称;从狭义讲,则专指与西方学术相对、能体现中国文化之精神价值及其特点的形上之学、文史之学。就传统知识内容而言,其包括义理之学、考据之学、词章之学和经世之学;就所涉及的古代典籍来说,则涵盖了经、史、子、集四部。伴随着中西方文化的比较与融通,以及"新国学"观念的兴起,国学本身也在发生着变化,对它的理解和诠释仍多有歧义,所讲述的内容之界域、重点以及章节纲目等,差异不小,难有定规,并无所谓标准之国学。从当代中国文化的知识背景和时代特征来认识国学,除了要了解传统的经、史、子、集之学外,还要把握中国学术史的变化,以思想观念为经,以时代嬗变之脉络为纬,弄清楚国学的发展历史、主要思潮以及核心的价值观念等,只有这样,才能够厘定国学在当代的地位与意义。

The concept of ＂traditional Chinese learning＂ started in the Qing dynasty. In a narrow sense, it refers to traditional Chinese learning, but in a broad sense, it refers to what China has in philosophy, literature, history and so on different from those in the Western countries. Now this concept has some changes with foreign culture flowing into China and there is not a standard concept. If we understand traditional Chinese learning in the knowledge background and times, we must master the history of academic learning such as developing history, main thoughts, views on value and so on. Only in this way can we determine the status and significance of the traditional Chinese learning.