施肥对兰竹荔枝产量和叶片矿质营养元素含量的影响

Effect of Applying Fertilizer on Yield and Leaf Mineral Nutrient of Litchi Chinensis

为探讨施肥对荔枝产量和树体营养的影响，１９９１～１９９５年对１５～２０年生兰竹荔枝进行肥料试验。结果：施肥对提高兰竹荔枝产量有较显著效果，但只是在一定范围和年限内随施肥量增多而增产。兰竹荔枝以株施Ｎ０．８ｋｇ、Ｐ２Ｏ５１．０ｋｇ、Ｋ２Ｏ１．５ｋｇ的效果最好，５ａ平均株产４３．１ｋｇ，较对照（Ｎ０．２５ｋｇ、Ｐ２Ｏ５０．５ｋｇ、Ｋ２Ｏ０．４ｋｇ）增产３６．８％；施氮多，施磷偏少，氮磷钾比例搭配不够合理会明显增加兰竹荔枝总花量和雄花量，减少雌花比率，不利授粉和着果，从而影响产量；叶片含氮和含钾量随施肥增多而升高，但施氮多，施磷偏少，氮磷钾比例搭配不够合理会影响叶片含磷量及氮与磷、磷与钾的比值，对微量元素含量也有一定影响。结论：适当控制施氮量，注意氮磷钾配比（兰竹以１∶１．２５∶１．８８为宜），对提高荔枝产量有显著效果。

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of applying fertilizer on litchi yield and tree nutrient condition The results showed that the litchi yield was significantly increased with the increase of fertilizer,but only within ranges and years The optimum applying dosage for each plant was N 0 8 kg,P 2O 5 1 0 kg and K 2O 1 5 kg,the average yield of five years was 43 1 kg,was increased by 36 8% than that of control(N0 25 kg,P 2O 5 0 5 kg and K 2O 0 4 kg) The unreasonable application of N,P,K fertilizers(more N and less P)caused an abnornal effect on P,K contents in leaves as well as their trace elements As a result,reasonable fertilizer dosage and ratio of N,P and K(1∶1 25∶1 88)could sinificantly increase the Litchi yield