轨道交通对住宅价格和土地开发强度的影响——以北京市13号线为例

The Impacts of Rail Transit on Property Values and Land Development Intensity: The Case of No.13 Line in Beijing

理论分析表明,轨道交通对郊区住宅价格的影响要大于城市中心区。针对北京市地铁13号线周边住宅的实证研究结果验证了这一理论。在郊区,轨道交通站点周边1km内的住宅价格要比1km外高出近20%,而在中心区这一效应并不显著。此外,随着城市交通网络的完善,13号线对住宅价格的影响在开通2年后不再显著。同时,轨道交通在两个方面对城市的土地开发强度产生显著影响。13号线的建设推动了北京市土地开发向北部郊区的跳跃式发展;同时抬高了郊区轨道交通站点周边的土地开发强度—与13号线郊区站点的距离每缩短3.3km,住宅项目的容积率提高1.0。本研究的定量分析结论能够为"交通引导开发"(TOD)的城市空间发展战略,以及轨道交通的费用效益分析和"溢价回收"策略提供决策支持。

Theoretical analysis shows that the effect of rail transit on housing price is greater in suburbs than that in the central area. Empirical results validate this point by using the hedonic pricing method and housing transaction data nearby No.13 rail line in Beijing. In suburban areas, the housing prices within 1 km of rail stations are nearly 20% higher than those beyond that distance. However, with the development of surrounding urban transportation networks, the impact of rail transit is declining. Also, rail transit has significant impacts on urban land development intensity. The operation of No.13 Line encourages the land development in the north suburbs of Beijing, and raises the land development intensity around the stations. The FAR of new housing projects decreases by 1.0 every 3.3 km further away from the stations in suburban areas. These empirical results have important policy implications for the TOD strategy, the cost-benefit analysis and value capture strategy of rail transit construction in Chinese cities.