群体规模和玩具对生长猪生产性能及应激水平的影响

Effects of Group Size and Toys on Production Performance and Stress Level in Growing Pigs

为探索群体规模和玩具对生长猪生产性能及应激水平的影响,本试验选用日龄、体质量相近(26.32±0.98)kg的648头二元杂交生长母猪(大白♂×长白♀),采用二因子设计,随机分为小圈(18头.圈-1)、小圈+玩具、大圈(54头.圈-1)、大圈+玩具4个处理,每个处理设6或4个重复(圈),所有试猪获得的资源(料槽宽度、饮水器数量)和地面空间占有量(0.96 m2.头-1)相同,试验期为35 d。试验发现,群体规模和玩具对生长猪的生产性能影响不大(P>0.05);大圈饲养能明显降低圈栏的污染面积(P<0.01),而玩具对圈栏的污染面积影响不大(P>0.05);试验初期,有玩具的猪只唾液皮质醇含量明显低于无玩具组(P<0.01);大圈与小圈、提供玩具与不提供玩具均能显著降低血液中嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(N/LP<0.01,P<0.05)。结果表明,群体规模和玩具因素在不降低猪生产性能的同时,降低猪只的应激水平,一定程度上提高了猪的福利水平;大圈饲养还能有效地减少圈栏的污染面积,提高猪舍的卫生状况。

To determine the effects of group size and toys on production performance and stress level in growing pigs,six hundreds and forty-eight White×Landrace female growers with similar initial weight（26.32±0.98） kg and age were randomly allocated into four groups by two factor design of group size（18 and 54 pigs·pen^-1） and toys（no provided and provided） for 35 days.For all the trial pigs,space allowance was 0.96 m^2·pig^-1,with one drinker per 9 pigs and 7.8 cm feeder allowance per pig.The result showed that the production performance was not different among all the treatments（P〉0.05）.Over the entire period of the trial,large groups had less pollution proportion of the pens than that of small groups（P〈0.05）.Toys decreased saliva cortisol concentration at day 3 of the trial（P〈0.01）.Neutrophil： lymphocyte ratios（N/L） also differed and the pigs with large-group or toys had low N/L value（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）.It was concluded that large group or toys could reduce stress level and improve welfare to some extent with no difference in production performance in the pigs,and that large group also decreased the polluted proportion of the pens.