中国水利的发展方向

Direction of Water Resources Development in China

黄河下游发生断流的自然因素是降雨偏少、径流量偏枯，决定性因素是黄河流域用水量急剧增加，而直接原因是缺乏有效的管理。黄河上中游的治理造成下游主河槽萎缩，一旦上游发生暴雨，洪水漫流造成灾害。为了保证黄河水资源的可持续利用，必须强调在黄河流域和下游两岸建立节水型的社会并严格保护水源，防止污染。长江中游防洪工作中的重要矛盾是由于人口增长带来土地的过度开发，从而造成围湖和蓄洪的矛盾。今后应根据可持续发展的要求，将水利工作纳入我国人口、资源、环境的巨系统中，修订水利规划，提高用水效率，保护水源和生态环境，完善工程和非工程措施，组织多部门、多学科的协作攻关。

The water interception of the Yellow river resulted from the nature factor that theprecipitation and runoff were lower, and the deciding factor that the water concumption in indus-trial and agricultural sectors rapidily increased, but the direct one was the short of effective controlover the water interception of the Yellow river. The improvement and development on the upper andmiddle reaches of the Yellow river has resulted in the withering of the lower main course of the Yellow river, and once the rainstorm occur on the upper reaches, the flood water may cause enormouslosses. In order to ensure the sustainable use of water resources of the Yellow river, it should be emphassized that the water - saving society is built along the Yellow basin and the lower reaches andthe water resouce is protected strictly from pollution. The major problem in the flood control of theYangtze river is over - development of the land resource resulting from the rapidily increase inpopulation, it brings about a contradiction between reclamation and flood impounding. Inacccordance with the sustainable development requirements, from now on, the water resource development should be incorporated into the national macro - system of population, resources and environment, the water resource development plan should be updated, the efficiency of water utilizationshould be improved, the water resource and ecological environment should be protected, the projectmeasures and non - project measures should be improved, and the coordination between depart-ments or between discipilines should be strengthened.