农村校外青少年艾滋病防治知识健康教育策略分析

On the delivering strategies of HIV/AIDS information among rural out-of-school youth and children

目的评价以参与式研究方法在农村校外青少年中开展预防艾滋病健康教育的近期效果,为农村校外青少年预防艾滋病健康教育提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法,按村逐级整群抽样进行艾滋病健康教育前后的调查。结果健康教育后,农村校外青少年的艾滋病知识的总知晓率由57.09%提高到82.36%(P<0.01);愿意和艾滋病病人/感染者正常交往的由14.46%提高到67.93%,会接受同学递的烟和出于礼貌接受陌生人的礼物分别由95.97%、98.42%下降到54.36%、23.90%,提议用安全套会尴尬由77.33%下降到33.13%;最近一次性行为使用了安全套的由28.84%提高到61.63%,性行为每次或经常使用安全套由26.65%提高到45.93%(P<0.01)。结论应用参与式方法对农村校外青少年开展健康教育活动,可有效提高其艾滋病的相关知识、改变其相关态度和行为意向。而长期的行为改变还需持续的健康促进活动和社区政策支持才能实现。

Objective To evaluate the recent effects of participatory method of HIV/AIDS health education for rural out-of-school youth and children. Methods Utilizing participatory method to volunteer training, and adopting method of questionnaire, the researcher undertook investigation before and after the health education by cluster multistage sampling. Results Knowledge scores to HIV/AIDS of rural out-of-school youth increased from 57.09% to 82. 36% （ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; The rate of willing to communicate with HIV carriers and patients increased from 14.46% to 67.93% ; The rate of accepting cigarettes from schoolmates decreased from 95.97% to 54. 36% and accepting gifts from strangers out of courtesy decreased from 98.42% to 23.90% ; Embarassment of offering to use condom decreased from 77. 33% to 33. 13% ; Condom use in latest sexual activity increased from 28. 84% to 61.63% ; Condom each time or regular use increased from 26. 65% to 45.93% （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Utilizing participatory method to undertake health education for rural outof-school youth and children can effectively improve the knowledge score, change the attitudes and behavior associating to HIV/AIDS. But to implement long-term behavior change needs persistent promoting activity and community supports.