1Peter Begen and Swati Pandey,"The Madrassa Scapegoat,"The Washington Quarterly,Vol.29,No.2,2004,p.117.
2Alexander Evans,“Understanding Madrasahs:How Threatening Are They?” Foreign Affairs,Vol.85,No.1,2006,pp.10-11.
3International Crisis Group,“Pakistan:Mndrasas,Extremism and the Military,” Asia Report,No.36,July 29,2002,p.4.
4Barbara Metcalf,Islamic Revival in British India:Deoband,1860 -1900 (Princeton:Princeton University Press,1982),p.28.
5Mumtaz Ahmand,"Madrassa Education in Pakistan and Bangladesh," in Satu Limaye,Robert Wirsing and Mohan Malik eds.,Religious Radicalism and Security in South Asia (Honolulu:Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies,2004),p.110.
6Mumtaz Ahmand."Madrassa Education in Pakistan and Bangladesh," p.110.
7International Crisis Group,“Pakistan:Madrasas,Extremism and the Military,” p.9.
8C.Christine Fair,"Islamic Education in Pakistan," March 21,2006.http://www.usip.org/events/2006/trip_report.pdf.
