大兴安岭不同落叶松林植被土壤微生物多样性

The Diversity of Soil Microorganism Under Different Vegetations of Larix gmelinii Forest in Great Xingan Mountains

利用选择性培养基,研究了杜香-落叶松林(LLV)、草类-落叶松林(HLV)、柴桦-落叶松林(BLV)、皆伐-落叶松林(CL)、火烧-落叶松林(LFB)5个样地土壤微生物的数量、种群组成、Shannon指数(H)、丰富度(S)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、Simpson优势度(D)。从5个样地共分离到细菌24属,优势菌属主要为短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、微球菌属(Micrococcus);放线菌为链霉菌的6个类群,优势类群主要为白色类群(Albosporus)和黄色类群(Flavus);真菌20属,优势菌属为青霉属(Penicillium)和头孢属(Cephalosporium)。兴安落叶松林不同样地微生物的多样性指数(H)、丰富度指数(S)、均匀度指数(J)及优势度指数(D)随样地不同而发生变化,细菌的多样性和丰富度指数为LLV>HLV>LFB>CL>BLV,放线菌为BLV>HLV>LLV>LFB>CL,真菌为CL>HLV>BLV>LFB>LLV。

The diversity and numbers of soil microorganisms in different forest types were studied, as well as Shannon index （H）, richness index of genera （S）, Pielou evenness index （J） and Simpson index （D） in Le- dum palustre --Larix gmelinii virgin forest, Herbage--L. gmelinii virgin forest, Betula--L. gmelinii virgin forest, clear cutting L. gmelinii forest and L. gmelinii forest burned areas in the national forestry ecosystems station of Inner Mongolia Great Xingan Mountains by selective media. The results showed that bacteria iso- lated from five plots belonged to 24 genera, Brevibaeterium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium and Micrococcus were main genera; actinomycetes were classified into 6 groups, Flavus and Albosporus were the main genera; fungi were composed of 20 genera, Penicillium and Cephalosporium were the dominant genera. Diversity index （H）, richness index of genera （S）, evenness index （J） and dominant index （D） of soil microorganisms of Larix gmelinii varied with forest types; and the order of diversity index and richness index of bacteria followed LLV 〉 HLV 〉 LFB 〉 CL 〉 BLV, while actionmycetes were BLV 〉 HLV 〉 LLV 〉 LFB 〉 CL and fungi were CL 〉 HLV 〉 BLV 〉 LFB 〉 LLV.