武汉城市圈产业发展的生态转型与空间优化

Study on the ecological transition and spatial optimization of industrial development in Wuhan settlement groups

借鉴生态学原理,视区域产业部门为种群,产业结构为群落,提出区域产业生态的概念体系;借鉴生态位方法,构建基于区域的市场生态位和基于区位的空间生态位,揭示区域不同产业种群之间及其与环境之间的相互作用和空间分布;据此,对武汉城市圈的产业生态演化与优化进行了系统分析。结果表明:区域产业生态演化经历了形成、强化、退化和调整4个阶段。"十一五"期间,钢铁、石油等传统重化型行业市场生态位偏大,汽车、光电子等先进制造业偏小;空间生态位总体较为平均,黄冈、孝感和咸宁等周边城市初步形成适宜多种制造业发展的空间基础。建设区域创新环境、培育区域创新文化,有助于区域产业发展的生态转型;构建复合集群网络、发展区域特色产业,有利于区域产业发展的空间优化。

Ecology provided a new viewpoint to the development study of regional industry.According to the theory of ecology,regional industrial departments could be viewed as a kind of industrial population based on life organism of enterprise while regional industrial system could be taken as industrial community organically composed of different populations.The regional industrial ecology is an organic ecosystem with interactions between the regional industrial cluster and both the internal and external regional environments.Regional industrial ecology and its spatial structure are elaborated via ecological niche approaches.Again from two aspects,firstly,market niche founding on region demonstrates the interaction within industrial populations and that between them and their environments,the essence of which indicates the regional capability of exploiting the environmental resources.Secondly,spatial niche founding on location demonstrates the spatial distribution of different industrial populations in a region,the essence of which indicates the capability of using spatial resource by different industrial populations.In order to satisfy the need of development in ＂Wuhan settlement groups＂,a calculation of regional market niche and spatial niche was performed based on statistics of 20 categories of major industries in different cities within this region.Several definite pathways of achieving ecological transformation of regional industry and space optimization were also raised in this dissertation.The results show that the ecological evolution of regional industry experienced four major stages,including formation,reinforcement,retrogression and adjustment.The traditional industrial ecology in ＂Wuhan settlement groups＂ is a mode of ＂inlaid ecology＂ driven simplex by the investment with spatial discreteness of the regional industrial cluster.However,on the condition that significant changes occur in external economic environment,it is suggested that the regional industrial ecology should be a shift into an ＂embedded ecology＂ mode driven by innovations which enable it to reach a state of spatial integration during their regional economic development.Both the construction of the regional innovation environment and the cultivation of specific regional innovative culture help to transit ecologically the regional industrial development;the construction of the complex cluster net and the development of the distinctive industries with competitive advantages would facilitate the space optimization process of the regional industrial development.