两种类型的低温对广西玉林冬季免耕马铃薯的影响

Impact of Two Types of Low Temperature on Winter No-till Potato

广西玉林市从2004年开始大面积推广冬种免耕马铃薯以来,连续遭遇2008年初的平流型寒害和2009年初的霜冻,通过实况调查并根据玉林市的气候规律进行对比分析后发现,2008年初的寒害虽然是玉林有气象记录以来最强的一次,但对冬季免耕马铃薯的影响并不是很大,因为这种平流型寒害天气的最大特点就是北方较强的冷空气不断补充南下而使玉林长期处于大范围冷气团的控制之下,各地的温度比较均匀,因此灾情的地域分布比较一致,各种地形地貌和不同栽培方式之间也没有明显差别。而2009初的霜冻天气虽然只达到了中等强度的级别,却对冬季免耕马铃薯产生了严重的危害,并且不同的地形地貌和栽培方式之间灾情明显不同,地域差异也很大。最大限度地避免或减轻寒害和霜冻天气对冬种马铃薯的影响,首先要注意选择在避寒环境良好,又不利于霜冻形成的地方种植,其次是栽培技术的灵活运用,另外还要注意收看收听当地的天气预报,提前做好防寒防霜的准备工作。

Yulin of Guangxi has had a large-scale promotion of winter no-till potato since 2004.However,it encountered a cold disaster at the beginning of 2008 and a frost at the beginning of 2009.Through on-field investigation and analysis of climatic data in Yulin,it was found that although the cold disaster in 2008 was the strongest in Yulin＇s history,the impact on winter no-till potato was not significant because the cold air controlled most of Yulin for a long time and resulted in relatively even air temperature.Thus,the geographic distribution of the disaster was wide but there was not significantly different among different terrains and among different farming methods.Although the 2009 frost was in medium intensity,it had serious impact on winter no-till potato.Moreover,there was significantly different among the terrains and farming methods.To avoid or reduce the impact of cold and frost on winter potato,firstly places with good resistance to cold and frost should be selected.Cultivation methods should be flexibly used.In addition,Weather forecast should be seriously considered for preparation in advance.