施用硒、锌、铁对玉米和大豆产量与营养品质的影响

Effect of Se,Zn and Fe application on yield and nutritional quality of maize and soybean

采用黄土高原低硒区典型土壤,以玉米、大豆为供试作物,研究施用硒、锌、铁对作物产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,仅施用氮、磷、钾肥料,玉米、大豆产量无明显变化,施用适量硒、锌、铁时,玉米产量明显提高15.6%~73.8%,大豆产量提高58.9%1~15.1%。施用硒、锌、铁,玉米籽粒氮含量明显增加,而磷、钾含量无明显变化,大豆籽粒氮含量无明显变化,磷、钾含量有所下降。土施或结合叶面喷施硒、锌、铁时,玉米和大豆籽粒硒、锌、铁含量明显增加,尤其是土施结合叶面喷施硒、锌、铁时效果突出。与对照比较,玉米籽粒硒增加480.4%、锌增加106.9%、铁增加126.7% 大豆籽粒硒增加512.9%、锌增加62.2%、铁增加15.6%。综合考虑玉米、大豆产量和籽粒硒、锌、铁含量变化,锌、硒适宜土壤施用,或土施结合叶面喷施施用,叶面喷施铁可有效提高作物籽粒铁含量。

Pot experiments were conducted with maize and soybean as test crops to study the effects of application of Se,Zn,Fe on crop yields and nutritional quality.Obtained results showed that application of N,P,K fertilizers only had insignificant effect on the yield of maize and soybean,but application together with Se,Zn,Fe had increased the grain yield of maize by 15.6%73.8% and that of soybean by 58.9%115.1% compared to the control（no fertilizer application）.Se,Zn,Fe application could increase N,P contents of maize grain,while no significant effect on its K content.For soybean,Se,Zn,Fe application had no significant effects on grain N content,but decreased P and K contents.Se,Zn,Fe application could significantly increase Se,Zn and Fe contents in maize and soybean grain.Among different Se,Zn,Fe application methods,soil combined with foliar application of Se,Zn,Fe had increased the grain Se,Zn and Fe contents respectively by 480.4%,106.9% and 126.7% for maize,and 512.9%,62.2% and 15.6% for soybean compared to the control.By considering both the grain yield and its micronutrient content,both soil application and soil combined with foliar application were feasible for Se and Zn.Foliar application was the effective way to increase grain Fe content of crops.