北方市镇与“商域宗族”——兼论“圈层格局”

Cities and Towns of Northern China and Lineage in Commerce Region:And the Circle and Layer Pattern

宗族是汉人社会研究的核心论题。本文以清季民国北方商镇杨柳青为个案,提出"商域宗族"论说,认为商号是市镇的空间与记忆符号、基本组织形式,商绅是市镇宗族的类型与核心圈层,宗族及其延伸组织不仅为农人且为商人所有,宗族作为商人天然的内层信任机构具有商营功能。它扩大了宗族类型研究,由此引发出"圈层格局"对差序格局的补充。

The lineage is a core topic in the studies about the Han society. The paper discusses a new concept 'lineage in commerce region' on the basis of the case of Yangliuqing,a commerce town in northern China,in the period from later Qing to Republic China. The paper argues that the firms are space and memory symbol of a town,as well as basic organizing pattern. The commerce gentry are the pattern and core layer of the lineage. The lineage and their extensive organizations were possessed by both farmers and merchants. The lineages were functional in the commerce business as a natural inner confident system. The concept of the lineage in commerce region extends the typological studies about the lineage and the layer pattern is a supplement of differential matrices.