澜沧江中下游黑黄檀种群结构及保护对策

Population Structure of Delbergia fusca in Mid-Lower Reaches of the Lancang River and the Protection Countermeasures

采取线路调查结合GPS定位的方法,对澜沧江中下游地区黑黄檀种群的分布特点、分布密度、分布格局、径级结构、更新状况和结实株现状等进行调查,研究其种群结构。黑黄檀种群主要呈狭带状分布在糯扎渡自然保护区所在江段的河谷地段,阳坡居多;线段分布密度和面积分布密度分别为122株/km和440株/km2;干流和支流上集中分布区域密度分别为637株/km2和143株/km2,生境以落叶季雨林为主,且种群分布不均匀;小径级植株占85.4%,大径级植株占14.6%,结实株仅有1.30%;糯扎渡水电站库区范围内的植株面临被淹没的危险。提出了相应的就地保护、迁地保护、采种繁殖、人工造林等保护对策。

The population structure of Delbergia fusca in the mid and lower reach areas of the Lancang River was studied by investigating into its distribution features, distribution density, distribution pattern, diameter-class structure, regeneration and fruiting status by means of route survey and GPS positioning method. The survey showed that the D. fusca population was generally distributed in a narrow belt form mainly on the sunny slopes in the Lancang River valley area where Nuozhadu Nature Reserve is situated. The density of linear distribution and acreage distribution was 122 trees per km and 440 trees per km2 respectively. The population density of the main distribution areas in the trunk stream and tributaries were 637 trees per km2 and 143 trees per km2 individually, the decid- uous monsoon forest was the main habitat and the populations were unevenly distributed. 85.4% of the trees were in small DBH class and 14.6% were in large DBH class, and only 1.30% of the trees were fruit bearing. The trees in the region of Nuzhadu hydropower station were endangered to be inundated. The in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, seedling propagation, artificial reforestation and other corresponding protection countermeasures were proposed in the paper.