论《傻瓜吉姆佩尔》中的“对话”哲学

On the Dialogue Philosophy in Gimpel the Fool

美国著名作家艾萨克·巴什维斯.辛格的代表作《傻瓜吉姆佩尔》深刻体现了马丁.布伯的"对话"哲学思想。这一哲学思想首先在小说人物之间的关系间得以展现。文中在吉姆佩尔与牧师之间存在着"我-你"之间的对话关系,吉姆佩尔与他的妻子埃尔卡,吉姆佩尔与他的学徒或其他邻居之间只是一种冷漠的"我-它"关系;这种关系展现了现代人在当代美国社会面临的伦理困惑和精神危机,以及传统伦理道德观念在美国当代社会受到的冲击。其次,在叙事上,第二人称"你"的使用也体现出了对话性,拉近了读者与文本之间的距离,由此产生了强烈的审美效果。最后,在吉姆佩尔的游荡与梦境中,"对话"哲学得以最完美的诠释。因此,在一定程度上,傻瓜吉姆佩尔成为"对话"哲学中的代表人物。

Isaac Bashevis Singer＇s Gimpel the Fool reflects the ＂meeting philosophy proposed by Martin Buber. This philosophy can be firstly seen in the relationships among the characters. There is a harmonious ＂I and Thou＂ relationship between Gimpel and the rabbi whereas there is an indifferent ＂I and It＂ relationship among Gimpel, his wife Elka and his apprentice and other neighbors. Such relationship indicates the ethical dilemma and spiritual crisis modem people are confronted with and the jeopardized situation of the traditional ethical views in modem American society. Then the use of second -person narration also helps to establish a dialogic relationship between the reader and the text, thus creating a strong aesthetic effect. At last the dialogue philosophy could get its most substantial demonstration in Gimpel＇s wandering and dreams. So to some extent, Gimpel is the representative character of the dialogue philosophy.