巴洛克建筑师约翰·伯恩哈德·费舍尔·冯·埃尔拉赫和奥地利“中国风”(Chinoiserie)建筑

The Baroque Architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Chinoiserie Architecture in Austria

奥地利建筑师约翰·伯恩哈德费舍尔冯埃尔拉赫(Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach,1656-1723)是欧洲巴洛克时期哈布斯堡王朝(Habsburg Monarchy)的重要建筑师之一。令人感兴趣的是他的一些设计作品表现出与中国之间的明显联系。同时他也是欧洲最早公开出版的世界建筑史图册《历史性建筑的设计》(A Planof Civil and Historical Architecture,1721)的作者,此书第一次将中国和泰国作为世界建筑的一部分进行比较研究。本文介绍此位奥地利建筑师的生平和工作,并分析他和中国以及中国式风格建筑的关系。文章第一部分从西方建筑传统的大背景下讨论费舍尔的建筑成就。第二部分,研究在欧洲中国风背景下他的建筑活动,并介绍奥地利中国式建筑风格体系的构成。

The Austrian architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach （1656-1723） was the leading master-builder of the Habsburg Monarchy during the Baroque Period in Europe. It is interesting that several of his designs show a certain connection to China. He was also the author of the first architectural manual that included China and Thailand for the first time into the comparative discussion of world architecture in Europe, entitled A Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture （1721）. It is the goal of the paper to introduce person and work of the Austrian architect and analyze his relation to China and Chinese-style architecture. In the first part, the paper discusses his architectural achievements and put his work in the larger context of Western building traditions. In the second part, the paper discusses his work influenced by the background of Chinoiserie-style in Europe, and establishes a introduction about the system of Chinesestyle architecture in Austria.