资源概念与分类研究——兼与罗辉道、项保华先生商榷

Research on the conception and classification of resources——Deliberating with Mr. Luo Huidao and Xiang Baohua

关于资源的定义,无论是宏观视角还是微观视角,都关注资源的功能或作用,据此本文将资源定义为对特定主体带来力量或弱点的任何东西,包括有形的和无形的东西。而对资源的分类,国内外学者基于资源基础观提出了较有影响的两大标准:一是按照资源的所有权、资源是否具有异质性与不完全流动性的维度来划分;二是从企业资源本身及其与竞争优势的关系两个方面来区分。其局限性都是聚焦于企业内部资源对竞争优势进行解释。本文提出的"三三制"模型则强调三大标准的共同作用,即资源的表象性标准、资源的功效性标准和资源的约束性标准。

The studies of the definition of resources all focus on the function of resources wherever they coming from a macro perspective or a micro perspective.Here,resources are defined as any things,tangible or intangible,that provide advantages or disadvantages for a specific main body.On the classification of resources,scholars at home and abroad put forward the two important criteria based on resource-based view.The first one involves the dimensions,such as ownership,heterogeneity,and incomplete mobility of resources.The second one is only concerned two dimensions,namely,resource itself and the relation between resources and competitive advantages.However,the limitation of the those two criteria concentrates on the impact of internal resources of firms on competitive advantages.A ＂3-3＂ model is proposed,which emphasizes on the interactive role of three major criteria,namely the visibilities,functions,and condition constraints of resources.