某医学院校离退休人员生活质量调查及政策建议

Investigation on quality of life of retired workers from a medical college and policy suggestion

目的描述某医学院校离退休人员的经济收入、居住生活、邻里关系、个人健康等相关生活因素，评价这一人群的生活质量。方法在离退休人员接受例行身体检查时，每个人填写“生活质量调查问卷”。结果收回问卷776份，占离退休人员总数的64．7％，可代表这一总体。其中，在776人中有慢性病者597人，占76．9％，患一种慢性病者占37．5％，患二种及以上慢性病者占39．5％。对个人健康感到满意者占42．2％，不满意者占9．6％，满意度一般者占48．2％。经济收入满意和较满意者仅占41．4％，不满意者6．6％。居住生活方式中，配偶同住和独居者375人占50．6％，与子孙同住的核心家庭和大家庭占46．2％。具有生活自理能力者占64．0％，生活需要帮助的236人中，由有亲情关系照顾的占88．0％，社会力量照顾者仅占12．0％。家庭和睦者占82．5％，不和睦者仅占0．5％。邻里关系和睦者占83．0％，不和睦者仅占0．6％。结论在高级教师和科技人员占大多数的离退休群体中，绝大部分生活在和谐家庭和社区中，当生活需要帮助时，亲情关系者仍为主力，社会力量投入较少。对生活质量满意度低于50％的两大项，是经济收入和身体健康，都期待“社保”和“医保”改革，提升对这两项的满意度。

Objectives Appraise the quality of retired workers＇ life of a medical college according to their income, livelihood, neighborhood relations, health condition and other related factors. Methods Fill in the Quality of Life Investigation Questionnaire when the retired workers are taking routine physical examination. Results 776 pieces of questionnaire were collected, making up 64.7% of the retired workers, which may represent the people of this kind. Out of the 776 retired workers, 597 are suffering from chronic diseases, making up 76.9%. Among them, 37.5% have one type of chronic disease, while 39.5% have two types and more. Among them, heart cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension sufferers occupy 80.6%, 63.3% of the overall prevalence rate. 42.2% are satisfied with their health condition, 9.6% are not, 48.2% with fair contentment. Those with positive view towards income take up only 41.4%, while negative 6.6%. As to the way of living, 375 are living either with a spouse or by oneself, making up 50.6% ,while 46.2% living by a core family with children and grandchildren or with a big family. 64.0% are able to take care of themselves. Among the 236 in need, 88.0% are taken care of by relatives, only 12% by social aids. About 82.5% enjoy a harmonious family life; only 0.5% are not. 83.0% keep a good neighborhood relationship, only 0.6% of them doesnt. Conclusion The overwhelming majority of the retired workers of senior teachers and scientific and technical personnel are living in a harmonious family or community. When they are in need, relatives are the main forces to help, social forces does not work much on it. Two items that below 50% of the satisfaction are income and health condition. So, we are looking forward to the improvement of these two aspects by the reform on social and medical insurance.