设施鱼塘冬春季水温日变化特点及其与外界气温的统计模式

Characteristics of daily water temperature change in protected fish pond in winter and spring and its statistical models with environmental air temperature

为了开展设施鱼塘水温的气象预报和预警，对2007年12月6日至2008年5月20日设施大棚鱼塘水温与气象站气温同步观测资料进行数理统计分析，结果表明：冬、春季大棚不同深度的水温均比气温高6．1～8．3℃；多云及晴天较阴雨天明显偏高。不同深度最低水温除春季多云和晴天比气象站最低气温出现时间早0～1h外，其他时间均晚1～2h。水温日较差与气温类似，为晴天〉多云〉阴天〉雨天，但水温日变化幅度较气温缓和。水温垂直变化不明显，不同深度水温与气温均存在显著的相关性。

The correlation between the water temperature in protected fish pond and its environmental air temperature was statistically analyzed according to the simultaneous observation data from Dec.6,2007 to May 20,2008 in order to carry out the forecasting and early warning of water temperature in protected fish pond. The results showed that the water temperatures at different depths of protected fish pond were 6.1-8.3 ℃ higher than the air temperature in winter and spring,and the temperature difference between the water temperature and the air temperature in fine or cloudy days was obviously higher than that in other weather-type days. The appearing time of the lowest water temper- ature at different depths was 0- 1 h earlier than that of the lowest air temperature observed by the weather station in fine or cloudy days of spring,but 1-2 h later in other weather-type days or in other seasons. The diurnal range of water temperature was similar to that of air temperature,i, e. fine day〉 cloudy day〉overcast day〉rainy day, but the extent of daily water temperature change was smaller than that of daily air temperature change, especially in fine and cloudy days. The water temperature change was not obvious in vertical. There was a significant correlation between the water temperatures at different depths and the air temperature.