合肥市主要灾害性天气特征分析

Characteristics of main disastrous weather in Hefei,Anhui province

利用1953—2008年合肥国家基本气象站地面观测资料,分析了合肥城市暴雨、大雾、雷电、冰雪冻害、大风和高温6类主要城市灾害性天气的统计特征,并利用线性倾向估计法对其进行了趋势分析。结果表明:合肥市大雾天气呈增加趋势,20世纪90年代以后增加更为明显;暴雨发生日数基本维持不变,2000年以后大暴雨发生概率增大;大风、雷电和高温的年发生日数呈减少趋势;降雪日数减少,年极端最低气温49.1%出现在雪后第一天或第二天。

Based on the ground observation data in Hefei from 1953 to 2008 ,the characteristics of main urban disastrous weather and their trends were analyzed by linear estimate method, including rainstorm, heavy fog, thunder and lightning, ice snow disaster, strong wind and high temperature. The results indicate that annual heavy fog days increase in Hefei during recent 56 years, especially after 1990s. Annual rainstorm days are stable, while the probability of heavy rainstorm increases after 2000. Annual strong wind days decrease, so is annual thunder and lightning days, annual high temperature days and annual snowfall days. 49.1% of annual extreme lowest air temperature occurs in the ftrst day or the second day after snowfall.