科学知识:表象抑或建构

Scientific Knowledge:Representation or Construction

自近代科学革命以来,科学知识便以其普遍性、客观性、价值中立性为标榜。正是在这种"标准"的视角之下,科学知识被看作是对自然的精确表象,是一种去情境化和去局域化的理论体系。然而,随着科学知识自身发展的日益复杂化,科学知识观便逐渐从传统的"标准"形象进而转向为一种涉及历史的、社会的广泛情景。其中,科学知识社会学以社会建构论为纲领对传统的科学知识观进行了深刻地解构,相对性、境域性、多元性成为审视科学知识的一个有益的新视角。

Since the modem scientific revolution, universality, objectivity and value neutrality have been held as the key properties of scientific knowledge. As a result, scientific knowledge is considered as a decontextualized and delocalized theoretical system which precisely represents nature. However, scientific knowledge itself is evolving and getting more and more complex. It has gone far beyond the gtandardlzed＇properties and should be viewed in a broader context of history and society. Guided by social eonstructivism, sociology of scientific knowledge deconstructualizes in great depth the traditional views of scientific knowledge, thus giving birth to a new dimension of scientific knowledge that features relativity, context and multiplization.