关于“制度诗学”——论陈寅恪与埃斯卡皮之异趣

About "System Poetics"——Discussion on the Differences between Chen Yin-ke and Robert Escarpit

陈寅恪先生与埃斯卡皮对制度所持的立场不同,一是立足于中国文化本位,一是将之纳入文学事实的过程。但在制度作为文学生成的外部环境一点上来说,二者亦有相契合之处。对文学认识的分歧,在于前者尊重不同语系的语文特点,同时文学亦可作为历史考据的材料,而后者则认为文学既是意义也是物品,应从书籍的流通传播来考察。这些分歧,导致他们在研究文学与制度之关联性时采取的策略和方法,以及着眼点都有所不同。寅恪先生关注时间地理人事,关注作家的种族和社会阶层,关注作家之间的相互影响,而埃斯卡皮更侧重于文学群体的地理出身和社会出身,更侧重于读者对作者的"创造性背叛"。与之相应,在研究方法上,埃斯卡皮注重历史方法和社会调查,而寅恪先生则运用诗史互证的综合研究法。

Chen Yin- ke and Robert Escarpit had different standpoints on system. One was established in Chinese culture standard; the other was to bring it into the process of literature fact. However, in the point that the system was as the external environment of literature＇s born, the two had the similar point of view. On the differences of literature cognition, the former respected the characteristic of different phylum, and at the same time, thought the literature could also be the datum of the historic textual research; but the latter thought that literature was significant and were also goods. It ought to be reviewed from the book circulation. It was because these differences that the strategies, measures and respects were different while they studied the relevancy between literature and system. Mr. Chen paid attention to the time and geography and people, the race and stratum of authors, and inter affection among authors, while Robert Escarpit emphasized district and society parentage of literature group, and the ＂creationary betray＂ of readers to authors. And on the research methods, Escarpit focused on historic methods and society survey, while Mr. Chen adopted the inter proved synthetical methods.