药物混粉爆炸事故及防范对策的研究

Analysis on Medicinal Powder Explosion Accident and Its Protective Measures

从近几年制药行业频繁爆炸事故出发,分析制药行业爆炸事故的种类,从粉尘爆炸入手,以某制药企业为研究对象,对其爆炸粉体克拉维酸钾进行了爆炸参数测试,运用20L球形粉尘爆炸测试装置测定其爆炸下限为40g/m3。同时运用差热扫描热分析法对其进行放热反应进行研究,再利用毛细管气相色谱法对该混合物中是否存在可燃气体进行了评定,发现其存在丙酮可燃气体,但含量较低为9.3×10-5。针对上述特点,从技术和管理角度出发,分析应对措施以及常见的问题,设计了混粉机械人机界面,编制了安全检查表,对该类共性问题进行了归纳,以供防范药物混粉事故发生参考。

Based on the frequently-occurring explosion accidents in pharmaceutical industry in recent years, the categories of explosion accidents were analyzed. With the dust explosion of a pharmaceutical enterprise as the object of study, an explosive parameter test was conducted on the powder of potassium clavulanate in a 20 - L spherical dust explosion test equipment, which shows that the lower explosive limit of potassium clavulanate is about 40 g/m^3. And then Differential Scanning Calorimeter （DSC） was used to study the rules of heat releasing of the explosion and Gas Chromatograph （ GC ） was used to measure whether there was any combustible gas existing in the compound, the measurement shows that there exists acetone gas with a lower concentration of 9.3 ×10^-5. Based on the above study achievements, countermeasures were proposed and common problems were analyzed from the technical and management point of view. Meanwhile, the human-machine interface of the meal mixer was designed, the safety checklist was compiled, and such common problems were summed up. This study can provide an important reference for the prevention and control of dust explosion accidents in pharmaceutical industry.