人性为善何以可能——王船山关于人性为善思想的形上学批判及其人文价值

Why humanity tends to be good——A study of Wang Chuan Shan’s humanity thoughts on metaphysics and its value

儒学史上人性思想为善、为恶、有善有恶,性即理等人性思想的来源往往倾向于天赋论、先验论等。先哲们对人性论思想的提出多倾向于独断论式的结论,对人性思想缘何为善、为恶以及性善情恶等,其论证要么"不明"、要么"不备"。王船山关于人性为善的思想论证既"明"又"备":从哲学本体论的角度考察了人性何以为善,认为气质之偏之人人性亦可为善,并说明善乃"人之独"。船山关于人性为善思想的人文价值在于:其一,从船山沿袭儒家传统人性思想说明船山思想在本质上仍属宋明理学范畴,并非如其他学者所说的船山是启蒙思想家的说法;其二,船山关于人性为善思想的论证说明,同时也为他关于道德意识起源的学说铺平了道路。

In the history of Confucianism, the Humanity Thoughts can be divided as good, evil, good and evil mixture, etc. This humanity tends to be innate or transcendental. Founding fathers＇ research on the Humanity tends to be dogmatic conclusion. Why the Human Thoughts tends to be good, evil, evil human nature is good, kind etc？ The explanation of Human Thoughts seems too fuzzy or inadequate. The explanation of Wang Chuanshan＇s Human Thoughts is both clear and adequate. Of which the author is demonstrating as follows： firstly, quintessentially, Wang Chuan Shan＇s still belongs to neo-Confucianism, not an enlightening thinker. Secondly, the explanation of Wang Chuansha＇s Human Thoughts has initiated the research of moral consciousness.