抉剔其类 发其隐情——《斩鬼传》讽刺手法探析

Pick out Its Kinds and Disclose Its Secret Facts——The Satirical Art on Biography Of Cutting Ghosts

《斩鬼传》是《儒林外史》之前的一部特色鲜明的寓意类讽刺小说。作者运用了多种讽刺手法,将讽刺的锋芒直指人类的道德缺陷和丑恶癖性,使众多"人鬼"穷形尽相。小说善于运用对比、衬托的讽刺手法,在衬比之中彰显讽刺对象;作者秉持冷静的态度,不加半点评述,让人物尽情地表演,在冷静客观中呈现人物的言行、刻画讽刺对象。此外,小说还使用了主观直斥和合理夸张等讽刺手法,讥刺了人类诸多弱性。《斩鬼传》的讽刺艺术和风格,对后世讽刺性小说产生了一定影响。

Abstract： The fiction Biography of Cutting Ghosts is a distinctive ironic novel before The Scholars. The author of the work applied many kinds of satirical techniques making various types of ＂the Person Ghost＂ fully revealed, which made the satire target of the work direct at humanity＇s moral flaw and the ugly proclivity. The author of the novel is good at the techniques like the contrast, contrast, which can show the satire object. The author maintains a calm attitude, does not narrate and comment, lets the character perform heartily to portray the satire objects. In addition, the author of fiction has applied other satire techniques such as subjective explanation - like narrative way and reasonable exaggeration etc. The satirical art and the satirical style of Biography of Cutting Ghosts have had certain influence on the later generation sarcastic novel.