乡镇政府对农村公共产品的供给研究——基于对阎良区关山镇的调查

Study about Rural Public Products Provision of Township-government——Based on Investigation about Guanshan Town of Yanliang District

免除农业税之后,乡镇政府职能要求相应发生转变,即由原来的汲取型转向服务型,为农村提供公共产品便成为乡镇政府的主要职能之一。对于公共产品的分类方法诸多,本文结合现有的公共产品分类研究资料成果和农村实际环境,将农村公共产品分为农业生产类、生活改善类和发展类三大种类,具体包括14项内容。通过对西安市阎良区关山镇200个村民的问卷调查和对部分村干部、乡镇干部的访谈,采用描述性统计分析方法,对三类农村公共产品的供给现状及农民的需求做了详细的阐述和分析,得出由于受二元体制的约束,国家对农村公共产品供给总量不足、结构失衡的现状及改善农村公共产品供给的迫切性。同时分析了乡镇政府在农村公共产品供给中的困境,如县乡压力型体制导致乡镇领导为保官位仅对上负责而无视农民需求;农村公共产品供给中政府责任划分不合理、乡镇负担过重和乡镇财政困难、财权事权不对称等等。最后,从改善乡镇政府对农村公共产品供给的角度提出了相应的政策建议,即加大中央对乡镇财政的转移支付,缓解乡镇财政困难,建立自下而上的供给体制,掌握农民的现实需求,创新乡镇工作机制,提高乡镇干部素质,加强为农服务的观念。期望本文能为乡镇政府对农村公共产品的供给提供一定理论指导。

After the cancellation of agricultural tax, the functions of township-government need to turn from absorbing-style to servingstyle and provision of rural public goods became one of the major functions of township-government. Integrating the studies of public goods classification researches and practical setting of rural area, this paper divided rural public goods into 3 parts： agricultural production, life quality improving and development which specifically included 14 contents. Based on the questionnaires to 200 villagers and interview to village and township-government leaders in Guanshan town, using descriptive statistics analysis, this paper made detailed represents and analysis to the providing status of rural public goods and the needs of villagers. The results show that the rural public goods provision is in shortage and unbalance. And there is an urgent need to improve the rural public goods provision. The paper also analyzed the difficulties of the township-government in providing rural public goods, such as finance shortage of township-government and so on. In the end, from the perspective of improving the rural public goods provision of township-government, this paper gave some corresponding suggestions. I hope this paper can supply theoretical direction for rural public products provision of township-government.