新中国农村公共服务供给的制度变迁

The evolation of rural public service supply system in New China

从制度变迁的视角对新中国成立三个时期农村公共服务供给制度的演进、特征和原因作了分析。认为计划经济时期农村公共服务实行财政供给和农村集体组织供给并存、以农村集体组织供给为主的制度;经济体制改革初期农村公共服务责任主体出现很大程度缺位,公共服务供给走向商品化、市场化;未来农村公共服务供给制度改革的重点是:根据公共财政"一视同仁"的基本要求和"帕累托改进"原则,加大对农村公共服务供给的财政投入;明晰各级政府在农村公共服务供给中的事权和财权;理顺政府间的财政关系,特别是加强省(市)级政府对县乡级政府的财政转移;完善农村准公共产品和服务的成本分担机制;完善农村公共服务供给的激励约束机制和公共选择机制,提高农村公共服务资源的配置效率;加强以公共服务均等化为导向的立法工作,将城乡公共服务均等化纳入法制化轨道。

A research was made on the supply system of public service in rural areas since the founding of the Peo- ple＇s Republic of China, its evolution, character and reasons during the three periods. It is held that in the planned economy period the rural public service system supply was provided by the state and rural organizations with the lat- ter as the main. During the early period of reform and opening up, the public service supply system tended to be- come commodity and marketing oriented. And later during the period of censtructing the harmonious society the ed- ministration of rural public service system was shifted to upper levels from single channel to multi -channels with more and more financial input from the state. And then the rural and urban public service was integrated and the system was stressed on increasing the financial input; the clarification of the financial fights of governments at differ- ent levels; the perfection of cost - shaning system of quasi - products of agriculture; the improvement of rural supply mechanism ;perfecting the rural resources distribution system and strengthening legal work to bring fairness for both rural and urban public service supply.