从《唐律疏议》看儒家“孝治”施政的司法实践及其影响

Judicatory Practice and Its Impact of Confucian Filial-piety-based Governance in Tang Lü Shu Yi

儒家孝道伦理的最高政治原则是"孝治",即以孝治国安民,这一原则贯彻落实在古代法律大典《唐律疏议》的司法条文中,既表现为立法思想上对儒家"不孝入罪"司法原则的继承与发展,更表现在制定缜密完备的刑律条文对不孝犯罪行为实施严格的防范控制。由于儒家"孝治"施政的总体原则决定了"孝"对"法"的必然干预,因此,《唐律疏议》付诸封建国家"孝治"施政的法律实践,必然出现"孝"与"法"的矛盾冲突,并由此形成古代法制史上以孝枉法、屈法徇孝的常见社会现象。

Realized in the judicatory articles of Tang Lii Shu Yi of gncient legal code, filial-pi- ety-b^sed governance, the highest political principle of Confucian filial-piety ethics, finds expres- sion in the establishment of meticulous complete criminal law articles to enforce rigid prevention against criminal unfilial conducts, as well as in the inheritance and development of Confucian ju- dicatory principle of unfilial-conduct-being-criminal in the legislative ideology. As the general principle of filial-piety-based governance determines the necessary interference with ＂law＂ from ＂filial-piety＂, there must be contradiction and conflict between the two in the legal practice of im- plementing Tang Lii Shu Yi, which leads to the common phenomena of perversion of law in favor of filial-piety in the history of ancient rule-by-law.