犯罪观的“交锋”:“刑事和解”与传统犯罪理论

Confrontation on the Conception of Crime:Victim-Offender Mediation vs Traditional Crime Theory

"刑事和解"的出现显示了对犯罪的另一种理解可能。以传统犯罪理论为背景,以比较分析为基本路径,可以全面展现两种犯罪知识与理念的"交锋"。从宏观角度看,两者对犯罪的不同理解根源于观察路径和方法论立场的重大分歧:传统理论着眼于"远距离观察模式",形成了"国家中心主义"的犯罪观;而和解理论则立基于"近距离观察模式",发展出"被害人中心主义"的犯罪观。在这样的逻辑脉络下,两者在社会危害性理论、刑事法律关系及被害人同意等问题域中,产生出辐射性的对峙与紧张。作为某种反思性的维度,"刑事和解"在侵害个人法益的犯罪中具有相当的解释力,为重新估价和改进传统犯罪理论提供了重要契机。

The appearance of Victim-Offender Mediation shows that another conception of crime is possible. A comparative analysis under the background of traditional crime theory fully demonstrates the confrontation between two kinds of crime knowledge and ideas. From the macro point of view, the different conceptions stem from great differences in observation route and methodology. The traditional crime theory is a far-distance observation model, leading to the ＂nation-centered＂ eonception of crime. The Victim-Offender Mediation theory is based on the close-distance observation model, and has developed into the ＂ victim-centered ＂conception of crime. A radiate confrontation and tension is thus created in the following fields： social dangers theory, criminal law relations and victim＇s eonsent theory. This introspective dimension of Victim-Offender Mediation is very interpretive of crimes violating individual legal interests and offers an important angle for reassessing and improving traditional crime theory.