姜寨遗址发掘回望

A Review of the Excavation of Jiangzhai Site

从1972年至1979年,陕西临潼姜寨遗址,经过长达8年的大规模大面积田野考古发掘,发现了从仰韶文化早期到龙山文化晚期的五期文化遗存尤其是最下层的仰韶文化早期原始聚落保存最好,发现有100多座房址所组成的居住区,近400座墓葬所组成的墓葬区,还有制陶区、环壕、窖穴、圈栏、道路及广场等。同时还出土了不同类别的珍贵文物近万件。这一聚落所揭示的设计思想、平面布局、建筑技术,或者是居民的生产状况、生活情景,家庭、婚姻、意识形态、部落、胞族、氏族、家族、社会组织结构,社会性质等,都反映得比较全面,为研究距今6700年前黄河流域的史前考古、原始社会史提供了丰富的科学资料。因此成为博物馆陈列、大学教材的重要内容。发掘结束30年后,发掘领队巩启明详述鲜为人知的8年发掘历程。

Over the period spanning from 1972 to 1979,cultural relics of the age from the early period of Yangshao Culture to the later period of Longshan Culture have been found after eight years' large-scale field archaeological excavation.Primitive settlements of the early period of Yangshao Culture were found to be bestpreserved with the residential area of over 100 houses and burial area of over 400 tombs.In addition,potterymaking area,circled trenches,caves,fences,roads and squares were excavated accompanied by ten thousand pieces of precious cultural relics.Abundant scientific materials are offered for the archaeological research on primitive society history and pre-history archaeology of the Yellow River over 6,700 years ago.With such important significance,the settlement archaeological findings have been displayed in museums and recorded as essential content of college textbooks.30 years after the excavation,the head of the excavation team,Gong Qiming tells the whole story of eight-year excavation.