镉及其与钙组合对褐脉少花龙葵毛状根生长、抗氧化酶活性和吸收镉的影响

Effect of cadmium, alone or in combination with CaCl_2, on the growth, antioxidative enzyme activity and cadmium absorption of Solanum nigrum L. var pauciflorum hairy roots

为了探讨利用褐脉少花龙葵毛状根来修复重金属镉(Cd)污染的可能性,采用溶液培养法研究了Cd单独及其与钙(Ca)组合对褐脉少花龙葵毛状根生长、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及对Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,Cd≤50μmol/L时能促进毛状根生长,而高于100μmol/LCd则抑制毛状根生长,使其侧根根尖变褐和变短,数目减少。与对照相比,不同浓度Cd培养的毛状根可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性先升高后逐渐下降;其丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高;100μmol/LCd使毛状根POD活性逐渐升高,但300μmol/LCd则使毛状根POD活性逐渐降低。与对照(仅添加100μmol/L或300μmol/LCd的毛状根)相比,Cd和10～30mmol/LCaCl2组合培养使毛状根可溶性蛋白含量和MDA含量降低;但提高其SOD活性;而100μmol/LCd和10～30mmol/LCaCl2结合培养的毛状根POD活性均比对照低;而300μmol/LCd和10～30mmol/LCaCl2结合培养的毛状根POD活性则均比对照提高。原子吸收分光光度法测定结果表明,毛状根吸收和吸附的重金属Cd含量随着培养基中Cd浓度的升高而增加。但外源加入10～30mmol/LCaCl2能减少毛状根对Cd的吸收,并调节其抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性,降低其膜脂过氧化水平而解除重金属Cd对毛状根生长的抑制或毒害。

To study if Solanum nigrum hairy roots can be used for phytoremediation of Cd contamination, we investigated the effects of cadmium （Cd） alone, and in combination with different concentrations of CaCl2, on growth, activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） and Cd absorption by hairy roots of S. nigrum L. var pauciflorum. The results showed that Cd concentrations of lower than 50 μmol/L enhanced the growth of hairy roots, while higher than 100 μmol/L inhibited growth and decreased the number of branched roots, also causing the root tips to become brown and shorter in length. In comparison with a control, the soluble protein content, the activities of SOD and POD in hairy roots cultures showed a trend of first increased and then gradually decreased, while the malondialdehyde （MDA） content significantly increased, when increasing the Cd concentrations. Cd concentration of 100 μmol/L or 300 μmol/L in combination with 10–30 mmol/L CaCl2 resulted in a decreased content of soluble protein and MDA in the hairy roots, but an enhanced SOD activity. The increased POD activities were observed when cultured in 100 μmol/L Cd and 10–30 mmol/L CaCl2 but decreased when cultured in 300 μmol/L Cd and 10–30 mmol/L CaCl2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry determination showed that the Cd absorbed and adsorbed by the hairy roots increased along with the increase of Cd concentration. The exogenous addition of 10–30 mmol/L CaCl2 could reduce the toxicity of Cd. This was achieved on one hand by reducing the absorption of Cd, on the other hand by decreasing the lipid peroxidation through regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD in the hairy roots.