鱼类非特异性细胞毒性细胞(NCC)的研究进展

Research progress on nonspecific cytotoxic cell in teleostean fish

自然杀伤细胞(NK)进化上的前体细胞在鱼类中被称作非特异性细胞毒性细胞(NCC),主要来源于血液和淋巴器官,是防御细菌、病毒、寄生性原生动物等入侵的第一道防线,在非特异性免疫中起重要作用,还具有体外杀伤肿瘤细胞的功能。近年来免疫荧光显微镜技术表明NCAMP-1和NCCRP-1两种受体蛋白均表达于NCC膜上,并且这种免疫细胞从鱼类到哺乳动物上的进化是保守的,这些膜蛋白在鱼类炎症反应期可能通过颗粒胞吐途径参与抗菌的先天性免疫。本文就NCC的分离鉴定、形态结构、功能受体作用机制等方面的研究成果作一综述,旨在为深入研究NCC在鱼类先天性防御中的作用提供依据。

Nonspecific cytotoxic cell is the evolutionary precursor of mammalian natural killer cell in teleostean fish, which was mainly separated from blood and lymphoid organ as the first barrier of defense to protect the animal against bacteria, virus and protozoa parasitism , it plays an important role in nonspecific immunity and also has a function of killing tumor cells in vitro. In recent years the merged images from immunofluresence microscopy showed that NCAMP-1 and NCCRP-1 are coexpressed on NCC membranes and may participate in innate immunity against bacteria by granule exocytosis during inflammatory responses in teleosts.These membrane proteins are evolutively conserved from teleostean fish to mammalian. In this review, the isolation and characterization, morphology and structure of NCC, and NCC receptor mechanism have been discussed in order to provide data for further research on NCC function in the innate immunity of fish. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2010,17 （ 2 ） ： 374-380]