论孔门“七十子”之称的由来和流变

On the Origin and Development Studies of "Seventy Disciples" of Confucius

用"七十子"称孔子弟子最早见于《孟子》,这是一种追"周公之迹"的仿圣行为。孔子弟子数量在两汉时期有三个不同的系统,它们各有来源,其中"七十二弟子"之说最终受到官方的认可,并得以确立。而官方认可的名单依据应是如《孔子家语》之类的孔氏家书。隋唐以后,"七十子"之称与"七十二弟子"之称合流,并最终演变成"七十二弟子"或"七十七弟子"的缩称,即孔子弟子的"举其成数"。经过对历代典籍记载的考察,可以看出"七十子"之称有鲜明的演变轨迹。

The disciples of confucius of address used by ＂seventy disciples＂ was the very early appearing in Mencius, which imitated the behaviors of Zhou Gong. There were three types different systems of the address forms of confucian disciples in the Western Han Dynasty, which each had its own source. The form of ＂confucius＇ 72 disciples＂ was reviewed and approved finally by the official. The list approved by the official was supposed to family biography such as the Sayings Of Confucius. The form of ＂confucius＇ 72 disciples＂ and ＂70 disciples＂ were gradually confluence after Sui and Tang Dynasties. The form of ＂confucius＇ 70 disciples＂ had changed into the abbreviation of ＂72 disciples＂ and ＂77 disciples＂ finally, which was said to lift integral number. Through analyzing record of classical books and these historical heritages, we distinguish changing path of the form of ＂confucius＇ 70 disciples＂.