单侧牙槽嵴裂动物模型的建立及牙槽嵴裂对鼻软组织生长发育的影响

Estabishment of the animal model with unilateral alveolar cleft and its effect on the nose growth

目的建立单侧牙槽嵴裂动物模型，研究牙槽嵴裂对鼻软组织发育的影响。方法选用10只标准同窝实验犬，自身对照，随机确定实验侧和对照侧。采用外科手术的方法在实验侧造成10mm×15mm的单侧牙槽嵴裂。术后10周处死动物，通过螺旋CT进行头颅三维重建，应用Amira软件对两组动物进行外鼻定点，行线距及角度测量并分析数据；另解剖双侧鼻翼软骨，于软骨内1／2处、穹隆角、外1／2、外1／4处垂直于软骨长轴切开，水平包埋，常规组织学处理，HE染色，进行图像分析。采用SPSS15．0软件对数据进行配对t检验，分析比较软骨发育的差别。结果大体观察：实验侧牙槽嵴裂裂隙未愈合，双侧鼻翼发育程度不一致，患侧发育较健侧差，并伴有患侧鼻翼外侧脚下陷；鼻尖位置向患侧偏斜，鼻孔呈不同程度的不对称，鼻小柱向健侧偏斜。组织学观察：健侧软骨外侧脚1／2处和1／4处中央细胞密度、面积、周长均比患侧发育良好，差异有统计学意义。结论单侧牙槽嵴裂异常力学结构对外鼻的形态及鼻翼软骨发育具有一定的影响。

Objective To establish the animal model with unilateral alveolar cleft and its effect on the nose growth. Methods 10 dogs were used. One side was selected to receive operation to create alveolar cleft, with the unoperated side as control side. The alveolar cleft was 10 mm in width. The dogs were harvested 10 weeks later. With the 3-D reconstruction of skull, cephalometric measurement was performed and analyzed with Amira software, the bilateral alar cartilage was dissected for comprison of cartilage growth. Results The alveolar was not closed. The growth of alar cartilage on cleft side was poor, with asymmetric nostril. The lateral crus of alar on the cleft side was down-displaced. The nasal tip was deviated to the healthy side, with the collumela to the cleft side. Histologic study showed better cartilage growth in healthy side than in cleft side, Conclusions The unnormal mechanical structure in unilateral alveolar cleft can affect the alar cartilage growth and nose shape. Early repair may improve the bony structure for alar development, as well as the soft tissue growth.