江河源头水源涵养生态功能区生态补偿机制研究——以江西东江源区为例

ECO-COMPENSATION MECHANISM FOR ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION CONSERVATION ZONES IN THE HEADWATERS——A CASE STUDY OF DONGJIANG RIVERHEAD REGION IN JIANGXI PROVINCE

流域下游地区对上游地区予以适当经济补偿已经成为我国解决区域之间社会经济失衡、保护流域水资源生态安全问题的重要手段和迫切需要。在简要回顾国内外流域生态补偿机制理论研究和实践模式的基础上,以江西东江源国家级水源涵养功能生态保护区自然生态环境条件和社会经济发展现状为背景,分析了在江河源头区域实施生态补偿的现实必要性及其政策法律依据;根据"受益者补偿"的原则,确定了东江源生态补偿主体和受体;运用"成本—效益分析法"和"工业发展机会成本法"测算出生态补偿标准总额为51 335.2万元;以水量、水质和用水效益三个指标为基础,建立流域环境保护与生态建设成本分担模型并测算出流域下游地区广东省环境保护与生态建设成本年分担份额为10 861.33万元,就东江源区域实施生态补偿应当遵循的原则和途径进行了设计。

Implementation of eco-compensation mechanism in the ecological function conservation zonesin the headwaters is core content of watershed ecological compensation. The lower reaches of river providing appropriate financial compensation to the upper reaches has become Chinese important means to resolve regional socio-economic imbalance between different areas in protection of the ecological safety and economic development. Based on the natural ecological conditions, ecological environment and socio-economic development of the status quo of conservation function conservation Zones of Dongjiang riverheads in Jiangxi province, the paper gave a brief review of theoretical research and practical model on watershed eco-compensation mechanism at home and abroad, analyzed the need and the reality and policies and legal basis for eco-compensation in riverheads. According to the principle of beneficiaries to compensation, the paper determined the main providers and receptor of the eco-compensation ,and used the methods of cost - benefit analysis and industrial development opportunities cost to calculate the ecological standard of compensation and amounted to 513.352 million Yuan; as well as with three water indicators of water quantity, water quality and water-use efficiency to establish the cost-sharing model to calculate the cost of watersheds environmental protection and ecological construction for the lower watershed area Guangdong Province about annual share of 10,861.33 million Yuan. Finally, the implementation principle of ecological compensation, programs and channels ofDongjiang riverheads were designed.