蔬菜大棚内作业人员作业的姿势负荷分析

Load Analysis of Working Postures among Vegetable Greenhouse Workers

目的了解蔬菜大棚内不同类型作业和身体部位的姿势负荷情况。方法选取186名从事棚内作业6个月以上的人员,应用OWAS方法对不同类型作业活动进行姿势编码分析,探讨其不同作业和身体部位的姿势负荷。结果棚内不同类型作业及身体部位的姿势各不相同。异常姿势(4级)在不同作业中呈较大差异,以搬运作业最高,其次为配药、喷药,两者主要发生于下肢和背部,而棚内作业的高负荷主要为搬运。结论蔬菜棚内作业的姿势负荷与作业类型有关,虽大多数为1级姿势,但异常姿势(4级)在各作业中仍占一定比例,均需要立即加以纠正和克服。

Objective To explore the load of different kinds of working postures among vegetable greenhouse workers. Methods Based on randomized sampling, 186 vegetable greenhouse workers with work period longer than 6 months were selected. Then Ovako Working Posture Analysis System （OWAS） was applied to analyze the load of working postures in different types of work. Results The load of different kinds of postures in different work types varied markedly. There was a significant difference in the distribution of abnormal postures, with the highest ratio in transportation work and following pesticides dispensing and sprinkling, which appeared mainly on the lower limb and back. And the majority of the high load work in greenhouse was transportation work. Conclusion The load of working posture in vegetable greenhouse is associated with work types. The majority of the postures are the first level while the abnormal postures （ the fourth level） account for a certain percentage in different work types, which must be corrected immediately.