万物一体——阳明心学关于建构理想社会的一项理论表述

All Is One——A Theoretical Interpretation of Constructing an Ideal Society by Yangming's Mind Theory

王阳明的"万物一体"论既是一种哲学观念,也是一种社会理论。此可由三个方面来加以讨论:一、"万物一体"是宇宙的一种存在模式,更是理想的社会形态,中国上古的"三代"社会便是以"心体同然"为特征的万物一体之理想国;二、心学理论不唯重视个人的道德实践,更加关注如何由个人良知之扩充推广而至于"万物一体之仁"的实现,这是心学理论的终极关怀;三、王阳明根据万物一体论来重新诠释《大学》,得出了"明德亲民合一"论,为了实现人与社会、人与自然的和谐共存,明明德的道德实践与亲民的社会实践的合一具有重要的方法论意义。

Wang Yangming＇s ＂All is one＂ is both a philosophical concept and a social theory.This paper centers on three aspects.Firstly,＂All is one＂ is an existence model of the universe,and in particular an ideal social form.The ＂three-generation＂ society in ancient China was an all-is-one republic,which was characterized by ＂combination of mind and body＂.Secondly,the mind theory focuses not only on an individual＇s moral practice but also on an individual＇s development of conscience,thus leading to the realization of ＂all-is-one benevolence＂.It is the ultimate concern of the mind theory.Thirdly,Wang Yangming adopted the all-is-one theory to reinterpret The Great Learning and put forward the concept of ＂unification of illustrious virtue and closeness to the people＂.The combination of the moral practice of illustrating illustrious virtue and the social practice of being close to the people has important methodological implications for reaching the goal of harmonious coexistence of man and society and man and nature.