氟哌啶醇和恩丹西酮合用与单独使用恩丹西酮预防术后恶心和呕吐作用的比较

介绍1mg氯哌啶醇和4mg恩丹西酮均能安全有效地预防手术后恶心与呕吐。本研究在不同手术类型的患者中，比较两药复合使用与单独使用恩丹西酮时的效果。方法268例成年全麻患者分别接受4mg恩丹西酮，随机加1mg氟哌啶醇或生理盐水，采取双盲方法，观察从麻醉结束至手术后480分钟之间的有效性和安全性。结果与单独用药组相比，联合用药组的效果更明显（76．2％和59．2％），恶心发生率低．补救用药率低，补救用药开始迟。镇静程度、手术后窒息、QTc延长的发生率两组间无显著性差异，没有患者发生张力异常、静坐不能和严重的心律失常。结论复合用药对于预防手术后恶心与呕吐的效果及时程明显优于单独使用恩丹西酮，且不增加不良反应的发生率。

INTRODUCTION： Haloperidol 1 mg and ondansetron 4 nag are equally safe and effective for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis. We compared the combination to ondansetron alone in a mixed surgical population. METHODS： Two-hundred and sixty-eight adults undergoing general anesthesia received 4 nag ondansetron plus 1 mg haloperidol or saline in this randomized, double-blind protocol. Efficacy and safety data were obtained until 480 rain after postanesthesia care unit entry. RESULTS： The combination had more complete responders （76.2% vs 59.2% ）, less nausea, less rescue, and longer time to rescue. Sedation, time to postanesthesia care unit discharge, and QTc prolongation were not different. No subject had dystonia, akathisia, or serious dysrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS： Postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with both drugs is significantly more effective and longer lasting than ondansetron alone. There is no detectable increase in side effects.