“一个麻烦的祖国”--论德意志民族的德国认同危机

A Troublesome Fatherland:on the Crises of the National Identity of the German Nation

无论是历史上还是当代,德意志民族始终被民族认同问题所困扰,德国也被德国人称为"一个麻烦的祖国"。这种状况已经成为影响德国的发展和稳定的大问题。造成德意志民族的民族/国家认同危机的原因,是由于德国所处的特殊的地理位置所致,即德国位于欧洲的所谓"中间地带",但是更重要的原因则是德国特殊的历史发展进程,即德国历史一再遭遇断裂,极不利于民族意识的形成。在欧洲近代民族国家形成的过程中,德国因为没有一个强有力的中央集权政府,全民性的共同归属感的形成再遇障碍。在决定性的19世纪下叶,德意志民族国家终于建立,但是三个德意志民族国家均以失败告终,致使民族意识一再遭受重创。德意志民族的国家—民族认同还有漫长的路要走。

The German nation has always been obsessed with the problem o f national identity, whether historically or at present;thus Germany has been dubbed a troublesome fatherland by Germans.This condition has developed into a major issue that impacts the progress and stability of Germany.The nation/state identity crisis of the German people is due, on the one hand, to the unique geographical position of Germany , that is, Germany is situated in the so called middle region of Central Europe;on the other hand, more importantly, to the special historical process of the German nation's development.That means, the history of Germany met with frequent disruptions, extremely inimical to the formation of national consciousness.In the formation of modern European nations, owing to the lack of a strong central government, a sense of belonging among the whole German people again was s everely hindered.In the decisive second half of the 19th century, three German national states were finally established, only to end in failure, thus inflictin g severe trauma on national consciousness again.The way to the recognition of a common German state seems to be a long one.