苏北沿海滩涂盐肥对油葵生长及离子分布效应研究

Coupling Effects of Salt and Fertilizer Application on Growth and Ion Distribution of Oil Sunflower in Coastal Mudflat of northerb Jiangsu

2008年在江苏沿海海涂进行田间试验研究了苏北沿海滩涂盐肥对油葵生长及离子分布的影响。结果表明：①土壤盐分在S2（2．9—3．6g／kg）时对油葵籽粒产量影响不大，但随着土壤盐分的增加，在S3（5．9～6．8g／kg）时，油葵籽粒产量较S1（1．3～1．6g／kg）时显著下降。随着N肥和P肥使用量的增加，油葵籽粒产量显著增加，且盐分含量越高，P肥和N肥增产效应越大；②随着土壤盐分含量的增加，油葵根、茎、叶、盘中Na^＋和Cr含量显著增加，而K^＋和Ca^2＋变化不大：③随着P肥及N肥的施用量的增加，油葵根、茎、叶、盘中Na^＋和Cr含量均降低，而K^＋和Ca^2＋的含量均增加。说明N肥和P肥的施入增强了油葵对营养离子的选择性吸收与运输，抑制了油葵对盐害离子的选择性吸收与运输，表明在苏北沿海海涂上施用肥料能够改善油葵营养状况并增强油葵耐盐性，对于增加油葵籽粒产量是一个很有效的办法。

A field experiment was carried out in coastal mudflat in Yancheng of northern Jiangsu Province to study the coupling effects of salt and fertilizer application on the growth and ion distribution ofoil sunflower in 2008. The results were as follows： ① Compared to S1 treatment （the salt concentration of soil was 1.3-1.6 g/kg）, there was no significant decrease of seed yield under S2 treatment （the salt concentration of soil was 2.9-3.6 g/kg）. The seed yield decreased with an increase of salt concentration of soil under S3 treatment （the salt concentration of soil was 5.9-6.8 g/kg）. The seed yield increased with the increases of N and P additions, and the effects of N and P increased with an increase of salt concentration of soil. ②Na^＋ and Cl-contents in root, stem, leaf and disc increased significantly with the increase of salt concentration of soil but K^＋ and Ca^2＋ changed slightly. ③Under the same concentration of soil salt, Na^＋ and CI contents in root, stem, leaf and disc all decreased with the increase of N and P additions while K^＋ and Ca^2＋ increased. The results showed that nutrient ions were further absorbed and transported selectively and the harmful ions of salt were further restrained with the application of nitrogen and phosphorus. It is an effective way to increase saline tolerance and seed yield of oil sunflower by the use of nitrogen and phosphorus in the coastal mudflat of northern Jiangsu.