从英语发展史看英语中的外来词

Loanwords in the Development of Englinsh Language

语言是反映社会生活的一面镜子,而作为语言最敏感、最活跃因素的词汇,则是观察社会生活变化的一个窗口。随着我国对外交往的日益频繁,来自英语的外来词(借词)日益增多,特别是在中国进行改革开放的新时期,中外文化的多层次、多渠道的交流为词语的借用提供了多种条件。正如美国著名的语言学家萨丕尔所言:"一种语言对另一种语言最简单的影响是词的‘借贷’。只要有文化借贷,就可能把有关的词也借过来。"因此,我们可以从借词中窥见文化交流的方方面面,并通过词语借用方式来发掘沉积在一个民族心理结构中的深层内蕴。本论文分析了英语这门语言的发展史,包括外来词以何种方式引入到英语中,以及英语外来词的影响力和分类。

Language is a reflection of the social life of a mirror and as the most sensitive language, the most active elements of vocabulary, it is observed changes in the social life of a window. With China＇s foreign exchanges become more frequent, from the English term foreign （excuse） growing, especially in China in the new period of reform and opening up, Chinese and foreign cultures and multi-level and multi-channel exchange of words offers a variety of loan conditions. As the famous American linguist Edward Sapir said： ＂The language of another language is the simplest of words＂ loan. ＂As long as the lending culture, the word can be also taken up.＂ So we can excuse to visualise in all aspects of cultural exchanges, and through the words loan to discover deposition in the psychological structure of a nation in the deep connotation. This paper, analyzes the English language history of the development, including the manner in which foreign words into the English language, as well as English Loanwords influence and classification.