基于构式语法的汉语“名+了”结构研究

The CG-based Approach to the Analysis of the Chinese "Adj(V)+si+wo+le" Structure

汉语的"名+了"结构的句法语义特点表明它是一个意为"由非N变成N了"的构式。构式"名+了"中名词是构式所表示的事件的结果,名词与构式义之间是一个结果代事件的转喻过程。与构式相连的名词的语义限制是有无"实现过程"。同时,能进入"名+了"构式的名词,通过隐喻的方式,从时间域向年龄域、客观事物域、经验/资历域、社交域、等级域扩展。

As the syntactic and semantic features show, Chinese ＂noun （phrase） ＋le＂ Structure is a construction with the central sense＂undergoing a change from not N to N＂. The meaning designated by noun associated with the construction must be integrated into the meaning designated by the construction via a result relationship. And the relationship between the noun and the construction is a metonymic process in the form of RESULT FOR ACTION. Then the semantic constraint of noun associated with the construction is whether the noun has a ＂realizing process＂. Meanwhile, the scope of nouns associated with the construction is expanded through a metaphorical process, from the domain of time to the domain of age, the domain of objective objects, the domain of experience/competence, the domain of social communication and the domain of scale.